分娩球干预对初产妇临产后产程的影响

目的探讨分娩球干预对初产妇产程的影响。方法将160例初产妇按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各80例。观察组初产妇在临产后，由助产士指导，在第1产程通过分娩球进行干预。对照组除不应用分娩球外，其他干预措施与观察组一致。分别对2组初产妇的心理状态，疼痛，产程，分娩方式，产后出血量等进行观察与比较。结果观察组初产妇身心状况、疼痛情况较对照组明显减轻，手术产率降低，产后出血减少，产程缩短，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论初产妇临产后应用分娩球干预能减轻疼痛，缩短产程时间，提高自然分娩率，是一种值得推广的产时服务模式。     

Neighbourhood disadvantage and individual adversities in adolescence and total alcohol consumption up to mid-life—Results from the Northern Swedish Cohort

This study tests if neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and family social and material adversities during adolescence are independently related to total alcohol consumption from adolescence through to mid-life. Self-reports from the Northern Swedish Cohort (effective sample=950) at ages 16, 18, 21, 30 and 42 was combined with register data on the socioeconomic composition of neighbourhoods at age 16. Total volume of alcohol consumed between age 16–42 was estimated based on the five survey waves, and self-reported social and material adversities were computed as composite variables. Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage at age 16 was associated with alcohol consumption age 16–42 for men but not for women. Social adversities at age 16 were associated with alcohol consumption age 16–42 for both women and men, but material adversity or parental class was not. In conclusion, neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage in adolescence has a significant relationship with later alcohol consumption among men, even independently from individual factors. On family level, social factors but not socioeconomic factors in adolescence independently predict later alcohol consumption.     

14例食管癌放疗后复发再程放疗的疗效观察

目的:观察食管癌放疗后复发再程放疗的疗效.方法:对14例再程放疗的食管癌患者采用Varian 23EX电子直线加速器适形放疗,1.2Gy/次,2次/日,总剂量DT33~62Gy,放疗2~3周.结果:10例病变消退(8例食道黏膜恢复,2例癌性狭窄,采用球囊扩张扩大食道,可正常进食),无效3例病灶扩大,1例发生呕血,死亡;未发生放射性脊髓炎,有不同程度放射性食管炎;1年存活率50.00%、2年存活率28.57%.结论:放疗后复发再程放疗,有助于消除食管癌复发症状,改善患者生存质量,安全可靠,但仍有部分患者难获显著疗效.     

胰岛素注射用压电微泵的性能研究

在压电微泵的性能方面,探讨压电陶瓷片在不同波形驱动下微泵流速之比较,方波电压驱动微泵流速最大。微泵的流速与背压几乎成线性递减关系,并且和选用管子的内径无关。压电微泵的稳定性不好并且存在衰减。     

Environmental exposures,breast development and cancer risk: Through the looking glass of breast cancer prevention

This review summarizes the report entitled: Breast Cancer and the Environment: Prioritizing Prevention, highlights research gaps and the importance of focusing on early life exposures for breast development and breast cancer risk.     

经胸壁入路微型腹腔镜甲状腺切除术并发症防治体会

目的探讨经胸入路微型腹腔镜甲状腺切除术并发症的预防和处理。方法对应用经胸入路微型腹腔镜甲状腺切除术的病人可能出现和已经出现的并发症进行预防和处理。结果经胸入路微型腹腔镜甲状腺切除术共33例，术中大出血、中转开放1例，头晕、呕吐2例，吞咽疼痛3例，一过性声音嘶哑1例，胸前皮肤红肿、淤斑1例。切口过度瘢痕增生1例，术中、后均无死亡病例。结论熟悉甲状腺的解剖结构，熟练细致的腹腔镜操作技术，显露喉返神经，良好的麻醉方式，是预防和减少各种并发症发生的有效途径。